COMPLICATIONS IN SURGICAL INTERACTIONS: A CONTEMPORARY REVIEW OF TECHNICAL, HUMAN, AND SYSTEM-RELATED FACTORS
Keywords:
surgical complications, human factors, surgical interaction, patient safety, systems-based practice, academic integrity, error preventionAbstract
Surgical interactions involve complex coordination between surgeons, patients, multidisciplinary teams, instruments, and healthcare systems. Complications arising from these interactions remain a major source of morbidity, prolonged hospitalization, and medico-legal concerns. This review analyzes a broad spectrum of complications related to surgical interactions, including technical errors, communication failures, human factors, device-related issues, and system-level shortcomings. Emphasis is placed on modern trends in complication classification, prevention strategies, and transparency in reporting to uphold academic integrity. Comparative analysis demonstrates that interaction-related complications are multifactorial and often preventable through structured protocols, simulation-based training, and standardized assessment frameworks. Understanding these interactions is critical for improving surgical outcomes and patient safety.
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