SIMULATION-BASED LEARNING IN SURGICAL EDUCATION: ACADEMIC INTEGRITY, PEDAGOGICAL INNOVATION, AND EMERGING TRENDS
Keywords:
Simulation-based learning, Surgical education, Medical students, Academic integrity, Competency-based education, Virtual reality, Assessment in surgeryAbstract
Simulation-based learning (SBL) has become a cornerstone of contemporary surgical education, addressing limitations of traditional apprenticeship models while ensuring patient safety and academic integrity. This review critically examines the theoretical foundations, instructional designs, assessment strategies, and ethical considerations of simulation-based surgical training for medical students. Emphasis is placed on modern trends such as high-fidelity simulation, virtual and augmented reality, objective performance metrics, and competency-based education. Evidence from recent peer-reviewed literature demonstrates that SBL enhances technical skills, clinical reasoning, teamwork, and learner confidence, while supporting transparent, fair, and reproducible assessment. The review highlights current challenges, including cost, faculty development, and curricular integration, and outlines future directions for sustainable and ethically grounded implementation of simulation in undergraduate surgical education.
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