Postoperative Complication Profiles in Minimally Invasive Versus Open Abdominal Surgery: A Comparative Outcome and Risk Factor Analysis
Keywords:
minimally invasive surgery, postoperative complications, laparoscopic surgery, open abdominal surgery, surgical site infection, risk factors, anastomotic leak, comparative outcomes, perioperative outcomesAbstract
Background: Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has progressively replaced open abdominal surgery across multiple surgical disciplines, yet comparative outcome data in diverse patient populations remain essential for guiding clinical decision-making. Objective: To compare postoperative complication rates, recovery parameters, and identifiable risk factors between MIS and conventional open surgery in adult patients undergoing elective abdominal procedures. Methods: A retrospective comparative analysis was conducted on 400 patients operated between January 2021 and December 2023. Outcomes including surgical site infection, anastomotic leak, postoperative ileus, pneumonia, blood loss, operative time, hospital stay, and 30-day mortality were recorded and analyzed. Results: MIS was associated with significantly shorter hospital stay, reduced blood loss, lower rates of anastomotic leak, ileus, and pneumonia compared to open surgery. Obesity, diabetes mellitus, and high ASA classification were the most significant predictors of complications. Conclusion: MIS confers measurable short-term outcome advantages over open abdominal surgery and should be the preferred approach when clinically feasible.
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