Dietary Micronutrient Optimization and Nutritional Interventions for Prevention of Acute Viral Respiratory Infections
Keywords:
viral infections, nutrition, micronutrients, immune response, diet prevention, public healthAbstract
Viral respiratory infections remain a major public health concern globally, affecting millions annually and causing significant morbidity and mortality. Growing evidence demonstrates that nutritional status critically influences immune competence and susceptibility to infection. This review synthesizes current research on dietary interventions and micronutrient supplementation for prevention of acute viral infections. Key nutrients including vitamins C, D, E, zinc, and selenium have demonstrated immunomodulatory properties and antiviral effects in clinical and pre-clinical studies. Mediterranean and DASH dietary patterns, rich in polyphenols and antioxidants, show promise in reducing infection severity through anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Probiotics and prebiotics enhance gut microbiota composition, strengthening the gut-lung axis and improving respiratory immune responses. Adequate protein, omega-3 fatty acids, and micronutrient status are essential for optimal antibody production and T-cell maturation. Malnutrition, including both undernutrition and obesity, significantly increases vulnerability to severe viral infection outcomes. This comprehensive analysis emphasizes the importance of balanced nutrition as a cost-effective, accessible preventive strategy for reducing viral infection incidence and severity across diverse populations.
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