Advances and Challenges in Microbiology‑Driven Virus Protection: From Bench to Global Preparedness
Keywords:
Microbiology, virology, virus protection, antiviral strategies, vaccine platforms, diagnostics, surveillance, pandemic preparednessAbstract
Rapid advances in microbiology have transformed our understanding of viral pathogenesis and enabled unprecedented progress in vaccines, antivirals, and diagnostics. Yet the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19) pandemic exposed major weaknesses in pandemic preparedness, ranging from fragile laboratory capacity to inequitable access to countermeasures. This narrative review synthesizes recent developments in virus protection, focusing on vaccine technologies, therapeutic antiviral strategies, diagnostic innovation, and surveillance tools, and places them in the broader context of clinical microbiology and global health. We summarize current challenges, including viral evolution, resistance, logistical constraints, misinformation, and fragmented governance, and highlight emerging solutions such as nucleic‑acid platforms, broad‑spectrum antivirals, artificial intelligence–assisted surveillance, and One Health approaches. Future perspectives emphasize integrating genomic and wastewater surveillance with scalable laboratory systems, dedicated antiviral agendas, and equitable implementation of novel technologies. Strengthening virus protection will require sustained investment, transdisciplinary collaboration, and deliberate translation of microbiological innovation into resilient, people‑centered public health systems.
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