SURGICAL SITE INFECTIONS: PREVENTION STRATEGIES AND EMERGING ANTIMICROBIAL APPROACHES
Keywords:
inflammation, hyperglycemia, immunosuppression, microbiome, biofilms, prophylaxis, resistanceAbstract
Surgical site infections remain among the most frequent and costly complications in modern surgery, contributing significantly to postoperative morbidity, prolonged hospitalization, antimicrobial resistance, and increased healthcare expenditure. Despite advances in operative techniques and perioperative care, the global burden of surgical site infections remains substantial, particularly among high-risk populations such as patients with diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose metabolism. Hyperglycemia alters host immune responses, impairs wound healing, and promotes microbial proliferation, thereby increasing susceptibility to infection. This review synthesizes contemporary evidence on the pathophysiology of surgical site infections, established and emerging prevention strategies, and novel antimicrobial approaches. Special emphasis is placed on metabolic and immunological mechanisms linking dysglycemia to infection risk, as well as innovative interventions designed to mitigate these effects.
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