Early Identification of High-Risk Children with Seasonal Viral Infections: Integrating Vital Signs into Emergency Decision-Making
Keywords:
pediatrics, viruses, triage, vital signs, risk, hypoxiaAbstract
Seasonal viral infections remain a major driver of pediatric emergency department (ED) visits, yet distinguishing self-limiting illness from incipient severe disease at first contact is often challenging. This study aimed to explore how combinations of routine vital signs can be used to flag children at elevated risk of clinical deterioration during seasonal viral peaks. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of children aged 1 month to 15 years presenting with fever and respiratory symptoms consistent with seasonal viral infection and subsequently admitted to a tertiary pediatric center. Demographic characteristics, clinical syndromes and admission vital signs (temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure and oxygen saturation) were recorded and classified using age-adjusted thresholds. Children were grouped into a low‑risk and a high‑risk category based on early outcomes: need for oxygen therapy, escalation of respiratory support, or transfer to intensive care within the first 24–48 hours.
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