Integrating Simulation-Based Anatomy and Operative Skills Training for Medical Students: A Narrative Review
Keywords:
anatomy education, operative surgery training, simulation based training, cadaveric dissection, virtual reality, medical studentsAbstract
Contemporary surgical practice demands that graduating medical students possess not only sound anatomical knowledge but also foundational operative skills acquired in a safe, structured learning environment. Traditional cadaveric dissection has long been central to anatomy education and early surgical training; however, growing constraints on theatre exposure, work‑hour limitations, and patient safety concerns have accelerated the adoption of simulation‑based approaches. Recent evidence shows that simulation modalities ranging from low‑fidelity bench models and three‑dimensional (3D)‑printed organs to high‑fidelity virtual reality (VR) systems can enhance anatomical understanding, suturing performance, and overall technical proficiency among medical students. Studies comparing cadaveric and simulator‑based training highlight that cadavers remain the gold standard for appreciating realistic tissue handling and complex three‑dimensional relationships, whereas simulators offer repeatability, structured feedback, and risk‑free practice.
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