INFLAMMATION AS A THERAPEUTIC TARGET IN CHRONIC INTERNAL DISEASES: EMERGING EVIDENCE AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS
Keywords:
inflammation, cytokine signaling, innate immunity, immune cell activation, vascular permeability, inflammatory mediators, resolution of inflammationAbstract
Chronic inflammation is now recognized as a unifying pathophysiological mechanism underlying a wide spectrum of internal diseases, including cardiovascular disorders, metabolic syndromes, autoimmune conditions, chronic respiratory diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and malignancies. Unlike acute inflammation, which serves a protective and reparative role, persistent low-grade inflammation contributes to tissue damage, disease progression, and therapeutic resistance. Over the past decade, substantial advances in molecular biology, immunology, and translational medicine have reshaped our understanding of inflammatory pathways and their therapeutic potential. Targeting inflammation has moved beyond symptomatic control toward disease-modifying strategies, supported by growing clinical evidence. This review synthesizes recent experimental and clinical data on inflammation-driven mechanisms in chronic internal diseases, evaluates established and emerging anti-inflammatory therapies, and discusses their clinical implications, limitations, and future prospects. Emphasis is placed on precision medicine approaches, biomarker-guided therapy, and the integration of anti-inflammatory strategies into routine internal medicine practice.
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