ACUTE APPENDICITIS: A COMPREHENSIVE EVIDENCE-BASED REVIEW OF A COMMON SURGICAL DISEASE
Keywords:
acute appendicitis, appendectomy, antibiotics-first, AIR score, Alvarado score, CT imaging, laparoscopic surgery, appendicolith, complicated appendicitisAbstract
Acute appendicitis remains among the most frequent indications for urgent abdominal surgery worldwide and continues to evolve as a disease area due to advances in risk stratification, imaging, minimally invasive surgery, and antibiotic-first strategies for selected patients. This review synthesizes current evidence on definitions, etiopathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnostic pathways, non-operative and operative treatments, complications, prognosis, and emerging approaches—including outpatient antibiotic protocols, refined imaging algorithms, and shared decision-making frameworks. Emphasis is placed on practical, evidence-based management tailored to disease severity and patient factors, with attention to ongoing controversies and future research directions.
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