Complications of Otorhinolaryngologic Procedures in Teenagers: A Procedure-Based Comprehensive Review of Management and Prevention Strategies
Keywords:
otorhinolaryngology, complications, teenagers, tonsillectomy, myringotomy, cochlear implant, septoplasty, laryngoscopyAbstract
Otorhinolaryngologic (ENT) procedures are among the most frequently performed surgical interventions in the teenage population. Despite technical advances, complications ranging from post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage and tympanostomy tube sequelae to cochlear implant device failure, nasal surgical morbidity, and laryngoscopy-associated airway injury remain clinically significant. This review systematically examines complications occurring after five major ENT procedure categories—tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy, myringotomy with tympanostomy tube insertion, cochlear implantation, nasal surgery (septoplasty, functional endoscopic sinus surgery, and rhinoplasty), and laryngoscopy or bronchoscopy—in teenagers aged 10–19 years. For each procedure, intraoperative, short-term, and long-term complications are described alongside evidence-based management strategies and prevention protocols. Emphasis is placed on the unique anatomical, physiological, and psychosocial characteristics of adolescents that modulate risk profiles and recovery trajectories. The review consolidates 60 publications from 2018 to 2026 drawn from PubMed, JAMA, Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, and Frontiers in Neuroscience databases.
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