Convergent Strategies in Microbiology and Preventive Medicine: A Systematic Review of Microbiome Therapeutics, One Health Surveillance, and Novel Antimicrobial Interventions (2023–2024)
Keywords:
microbiome therapeutics, antimicrobial resistance, mRNA vaccines, infection prevention, One Health, metagenomicsAbstract
Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), emerging zoonotic pathogens, and healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) constitute a global health emergency. Preventive medicine increasingly leverages microbiology insights for proactive countermeasures. This review synthesizes recent advances in microbiome therapeutics, AMR mitigation, next-generation vaccines, infection prevention and control (IPC), and One Health surveillance.
Methods: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were systematically searched for English-language articles published January 2023–December 2024. Using PRISMA 2020 criteria, 30 publications were included: systematic reviews, meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, and narrative reviews.
Results: Fecal microbiota transplantation and next-generation probiotics achieved 85–92% efficacy for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection. Behavior-change interventions improved antimicrobial stewardship adherence by 73.7%. mRNA vaccine platforms enabled expedited development for malaria, tuberculosis, and respiratory viruses. Horizontal IPC strategies proved more cost-effective than organism-specific approaches. One Health-integrated surveillance reduced zoonotic outbreak detection delays. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing achieved 91% sensitivity for fever of unknown origin.
Conclusions: Microbiology-driven preventive strategies offer synergistic protection against infectious threats. Implementation gaps persist in low-resource settings, requiring strengthened health systems and international collaboration.
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