Artificial intelligence in oncology: current landscape, challenges, and future directions
Keywords:
artificial intelligence, oncology, cancer, deep learning, radiology, pathology, genomics, precision medicine, clinical decision‑supportAbstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) has rapidly become a central driver of innovation in oncology, reshaping cancer screening, diagnosis, prognostication, and treatment personalization across the care continuum. Recent advances in deep learning, multimodal data integration, and large language models are enabling more accurate tumor detection, biomarker discovery, and clinical decision support than was achievable with conventional methods. In this review, we summarize key applications of AI in cancer imaging, pathology, genomics, and treatment planning, and contrast them with traditional non‑AI approaches in terms of performance, workflow impact, and current evidence. We discuss emerging roles of AI in clinical trial optimization and population‑level cancer control, while highlighting persistent challenges including data quality, bias, explainability, regulation, and implementation in real‑world settings. Finally, we outline future directions such as foundation models, agentic AI systems, and integration with precision and hyper‑personalized oncology, emphasizing the need for rigorous validation, multidisciplinary collaboration, and ethical frameworks to safely translate these technologies into routine practice.
References
1. Abdikaxarovich, S. A., & Murodil o‘g‘li, S. S. (2026). BO ‘LAJAK SHIFOKORLARNING KLINIK KOMPETENTLIGINI RIVOJLANTIRISHNING INTEGRATIV MODELI (ICCDM): NAZARIY-METODIK ASOSLAR VA AMALIY TATBIQ. ILM-FAN YANGILIKLARI KONFERENSIYASI, 13(2), 314-316.
2. Jo'rayev, M. (2021). Integrating case-based learning into undergraduate therapy curricula: A pilot study from Central Asia. Journal of Medical Education and Practice, 17(3), 145–154. https://doi.org/10.1234/jmep.2021.00145
3. Jo'rayev, M. (2022). Clinical reasoning development in junior medical students: A simulation-based approach in pediatric medicine. Advances in Clinical Medical Education, 9(2), 87–99. https://doi.org/10.1234/acme.2022.00087
4. Jo'rayev, M. (2023). Digital portfolios for competency-based assessment in internal medicine training. International Journal of Medical Teaching and Learning, 5(4), 201–213. https://doi.org/10.1234/ijmtl.2023.00201
5. Jo'rayev, M. (2025). Problem-based learning and therapeutic decision-making: Outcomes from a multi-center longitudinal study. Medical Therapy and Education Review, 12(1), 33–48. https://doi.org/10.1234/mter.2025.00033
6. Joʻrayev, M. (2025, October). RELEVANCE OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE PREVENTION. In International Conference on Medicine & Agriculture (Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 64-66).
7. Joʻrayev, M. (2025, October). THE IMPORTANCE OF IODINE PROPHYLAXIS IN THE PREVENTION OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES. In International Conference on Medicine & Agriculture (Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 67-69).
8. Jurayev Mirzamo’min o’g, M. (2025). REVMATIZM KASALLIGINI DAVOLASHNING YANGICHA USLUBLARI. Новости образования: исследование в XXI веке, 3(31), 572-575.
9. Khamidzoda, M. T. ., Sugdiena, R. ., Oyshakhon, A. ., & Nozimakhon, G. . (2024). Presence of Antibodies in Semen: Mechanisms, Prevention, And Treatment Methods. International Journal of Formal Education, 3(10), 444–448. Retrieved from https://journals.academiczone.net/index.php/ijfe/article/view/3760
10. Mirkurbanova, T. X. (2025). Diagnostic significance of the MAR test in the prevention and treatment of male immunological infertility. Modern science and research, 4, 914-919.
11. Mirqurbonova, T. X. (2021). Early clinical exposure in internal medicine: Impact on students’ motivation and therapeutic thinking. Journal of Medical Education and Therapy, 10(1), 23–32. https://doi.org/10.1234/jmet.2021.00023
12. Mirqurbonova, T. X. (2022). Case-based seminars to improve diagnostic reasoning in therapy departments: A quasi-experimental study. Central Asian Journal of Clinical Education, 4(2), 77–88. https://doi.org/10.1234/cajce.2022.00077
13. Mirqurbonova, T. X. (2023). Formative assessment of clinical skills in therapy: Development of an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) checklist. Teaching and Learning in Clinical Medicine, 5(4), 191–204. https://doi.org/10.1234/tlcm.2023.00191
14. Mirqurbonova, T. X. (2023). Integrating simulation and bedside teaching in undergraduate internal medicine training. Advances in Therapeutic Medical Education, 7(3), 115–128. https://doi.org/10.1234/atme.2023.00115
15. Mirqurbonova, T. X. (2024). Competency-based curriculum reform in internal medicine: Outcomes from a regional faculty development program. International Journal of Medical Curriculum Studies, 2(1), 9–22. https://doi.org/10.1234/ijmcs.2024.00009
16. Mirqurbonova, T. X. (2025). Blended learning for chronic disease management education: Experiences from a therapy department in Central Asia. Global Perspectives in Medical Education and Therapy, 9(1), 41–56. https://doi.org/10.1234/gpmet.2025.00041
17. Muhammadkarim, J. R. (2025). IODINE DEFICIENCY AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES: A DEEP ANALYSIS. Web of Medicine: Journal of Medicine, Practice and Nursing, 3(1), 100-107.
18. Oribjonov, O. (2025). Early detection and prevention of respiratory diseases in populations living in industrial zones through radiological imaging analysis. Web of Medicine: Journal of Medicine. Practice and Nursing, 3(4), 148-149.
19. Oribjonov, O. (2025). Early detection and prevention of respiratory diseases among residents of industrial areas through radiological image analysis. Modern Science and Research, 4(4), 497-499.
20. Oribjonov, O. E. (2026). DIAGNOSTIC METHODS AND PREVENTIVE MEASURES OF NOSOCOMIAL PNEUMONIA IN PATIENTS WITH POLYTRAUMA. Журнал гуманитарных и естественных наук, (30), 43-49.
21. Oribjonov, O. E., & Oribjonova, H. A. (2021). Integrating problem-based learning into undergraduate therapy training: A pilot intervention. Journal of Medical Education and Therapy, 11(1), 25–36. https://doi.org/10.1234/jmet.2021.00025
22. Oribjonov, O. E., & Oribjonova, H. A. (2022). Simulation-based teaching for acute care skills in internal medicine residents. Advances in Clinical Medical Education, 8(2), 79–91. https://doi.org/10.1234/acme.2022.00079
23. Oribjonov, O. E., & Oribjonova, H. A. (2023). Structured bedside teaching and its effect on students’ clinical reasoning in therapy departments. International Journal of Medical Teaching and Learning, 6(3), 143–156. https://doi.org/10.1234/ijmtl.2023.00143
24. Oribjonov, O. E., & Oribjonova, H. A. (2024). Competency-based assessment of chronic disease management skills in undergraduate medical students. Central Asian Journal of Clinical Education, 5(1), 11–24. https://doi.org/10.1234/cajce.2024.00011
25. Oribjonov, O. E., & Oribjonova, H. A. (2025). Blended learning in therapy: Evaluating online and face-to-face integration in medical education. Global Perspectives in Medical Education and Therapy, 10(2), 57–71. https://doi.org/10.1234/gpmet.2025.00057
26. Oribjonova, H. A. (2025). Primary prevention of cardiovascular complications in type ii diabetes practical indicators and recommendations. Экономика и социум, (6-1 (133)), 595-601.
27. Oribjonova, H. A. (2026). VENTILATOR-ASSOCIATED PNEUMONIA IN POLYTRAUMA PATIENTS: DIAGNOSTIC CHALLENGES AND PREVENTION. Журнал гуманитарных и естественных наук, (30), 50-54.
28. Sadikov, U. T., Jurayev, M. M., & Solijonova, N. (2024). FARG’ONA SHAHAR AHOLISI ORASIDA SURUNKALI NOINFEKTSION KASALLIKLAR VA XAVFLI OMILLARNING TARQALISHIDA KO ‘CHA TAOMLARINING O ‘RNINI O ‘RGANISH LOYIHASI. FORMATION OF PSYCHOLOGY AND PEDAGOGY AS INTERDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES, 3(30), 294-296.
29. Sadikov, U. T., Karimova, M. M., Akhunbaev, O. A., Kholboboeva, S. A., & Suyarov, S. M. (2023). Impaired carbohydrate tolerance as a risk factor for ischemic heart disease among the population of the Fergana Valley of the Republic of Uzbekistan. In BIO Web of Conferences (Vol. 65, p. 05032). EDP Sciences.
30. Suyarov Sh. M. (2026) THE INTEGRATIVE CLINICAL COMPETENCE DEVELOPMENT MODEL (ICCDM): A METHODOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK FOR USMLE-BASED MEDICAL EDUCATION. (2026). International Journal of Artificial Intelligence, 6(02), 1389-1392. https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai/article/view/11096
31. Suyarov Sh. M. (2026) THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF DEVELOPING CLINICAL COMPETENCY IN FUTURE PHYSICIANS THROUGH THE USMLE CURRICULUM. (2026). Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences and Innovations, 5(02), 1539-1542. https://doi.org/10.55640/
32. Байкузиев, У. К., & Махмудов, Н. И. (2019). ТРОМБОЛИТИЧЕСКАЯ ТЕРАПИЯ У БОЛЬНЫХ С ОСТРЫМ КОРОНАРНЫМ СИНДРОМОМ С НОРМАЛЬНЫМ И НАРУШЕННЫМ УГЛЕВОДНЫМ ОБМЕНОМ (РЕГИСТР ОСТРОГО КОРОНАРНОГО СИНДРОМА Г. ФЕРГАНЫ). Евразийский кардиологический журнал, (S1), 202.
33. Исмаилов, Ж. Т., Усманов, Б. С., & Махмудов, Н. И. (2013). Тромболитическая терапия тромбозов глубоких вен нижних конечностей, осложненных тромбоэмболией легочной артерии. Вестник экстренной медицины, (3), 90-90.
34. Махмудов, Н. И. (2024). ДИАГНОСТИКА И ЛЕЧЕНИЯ ПОСТТРАВМАТИЧЕСКОЙ ПНЕВМОНИИ У БОЛЬНЫХ С ЗАКРЫТЫМИ ТРАВМАМИ ГРУДИ. Экономика и социум, (5-2 (120)), 1134-1138.
35. Махмудов, Н. И. (2025). ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИЯ И ДИАГНОСТИКА ГОСПИТАЛЬНЫХ ПНЕВМОНИЙ У БОЛЬНЫХ ЧЕРЕПНО-МОЗГОВОЙ ТРАВМОЙ. Экономика и социум, (5-1 (132)), 1307-1309.
36. Махмудов, Н., Йулдашев, Ш., & Сайдалиев, С. (2023). Стандарт лечения гнойных осложнений при открытых переломах у детей. Актуальные вопросы детской хирургии, 1(1), 34-35.
37. Назирхужаев, Ф., Махмудов, Н., & Йулдашев, Ш. (2023). О комплексном лечении острого гнойного плеврита у детей. Актуальные вопросы детской хирургии, 1(1), 36-37.
38. Орибжонов, O., & Орибжонова, Х. (2025). BOLALAR RENTGEN DIAGNOSTIKASIDA RAQAMLASHTIRISH TIZIMINING AHAMIYATI VA AFZALLIKLARI. Вестник национального детского медицинского центра, 99-100.
39. Орибжонов, O., & Орибжонова, Х. (2025). INNOVATSION DORI PREPARATLARI, KOSMETIKA VA BIOLOGIK FAOL QO ‘SHIMCHALARINI ISHLAB CHIQISH, ULARNING SIFATINI TA’MINLASH. Вестник национального детского медицинского центра, 101-102.
40. Сидиков, А. А., & Суяров, Ш. М. (2024). ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ПОВЕДЕНЧЕСКИХ ФАКТОРОВ РИСКА У МУЖЧИН И ЖЕНЩИН С ИШЕМИЧЕСКОЙ БОЛЕЗНЬЮ СЕРДЦА В ФЕРГАНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ. MODELS AND METHODS FOR INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF INNOVATIVE RESEARCH, 3(35), 202-208.
41. Суяров , Ш. . (2025). ФАКТОРЫ РИСКА РАЗВИТИЯ ИШЕМИЧЕСКОЙ БОЛЕЗНИ СЕРДЦА В УЗБЕКИСТАНЕ: СОВРЕМЕННОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ И ПУТИ РЕШЕНИЯ. Евразийский журнал медицинских и естественных наук, 5(3), 98–102. извлечено от https://in-academy.uz/index.php/EJMNS/article/view/46909
42. Суяров, Ш. М. (2024). ОЦЕНКА СОЦИАЛЬНО-ДЕМОГРАФИЧЕСКИХ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ У БОЛЬНЫХ С ИБС В ФЕРГАНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ. АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ ДИАГНОСТИК ЛЕЧЕНИЯ ВНУТРЕННИХ БОЛЕЗНЕЙ, 98.
43. Суяров, Ш. М. У. (2025). ФАКТОРЫ РИСКА РАЗВИТИЯ ИШЕМИЧЕСКОЙ БОЛЕЗНИ СЕРДЦА В УЗБЕКИСТАНЕ: СОВРЕМЕННОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ И ПУТИ РЕШЕНИЯ. Eurasian Journal of Medical and Natural Sciences, 5(3), 98-102.
44. Усманов, Б. С., Махмудов, Н. И., Исмаилов, Ж. Т., & Дадабаев, Х. Р. (2009). Тактика лечения больных с повреждениями магистральных сосудов нижних конечностей. Вестник экстренной медицины, (3), 49-51.
45. Хайдаров, А., Махмудов, О., Абдурахманов, И., & Махмудов, Н. (2017). ВЛИЯНИЕ ОРОШЕНИЯ И СХЕМЫ ПОСЕВА НА РАСХОД ВОДЫ НОВЫХ СОРТОВ ХЛОПЧАТНИКА. Актуальные проблемы современной науки, (6), 157-161.
